Fundamental Rights
Fundamental Rights of Indian Citizens:
In Part III of the Indian Constitution fundamental rights
have been enumerated in 24 Articles (from 12 to 35). Originally the
Constitution contained seven fundamental rights. But through 44th
Constitutional Amendments in the year 1978 their number has been reduced to
six. Right to Property incorporated in Articles 19(1)f and 31 of the
Constitution has been excluded from the list of fundamental rights. This right
is now incorporated in Article 300A as a legal right. This Change was effected
from 20 th June , 1979.
Now there are six Fundamental Rights;
Right to Equality ( Articles 14-18)
Right to Freedom (Articles 19-22)
Right against Exploitation (Articles 23- 24)
Right to Freedom of Religion (Articles 25-28)
Cultural and Educational Rights (Articles 29-30)
Right to constitutional (Article 32-35)
Right to Equality:
It guarantees to all persons equality before the law and
equal protection of law. It prohibits discrimination between citizens on ground
only of religion, race, cast, place of birth or any of them . All the citizens
have equal access to shops, public entertainments and places of public resort, which
are maintained wholly or partly by the state. The Constitution guarantees equal
opportunities relating to public employment to all citizens, but some posts may
be reserved for backward classes. It abolished untouchability and also abolishes the abolishes the system of
conferring titles by the State, except military and academic distinction.
Right to Freedom:
Article 19 of the Constitution guarantees freedoms under
this right. These are :
Freedom of speech and expression
Freedom to assemble peaceably and without arms
Freedom of form associations or unions
Freedom of movement throughout India
Freedom to reside and settle in any part of the territory of
India
Freedom to practise any profession or to carry on any
occupation, trade or business.
Right to Freedom of Religion:
All citizens have been guaranteed freedom to process,
practise and propagate any religion. Even religious group has been given the
freedom to manage its religion affairs and to own, acquire and administer
property for religion or charitable purpose.
Right against Exploitation:
The right seeks to ban traffic in human beings, beggar or
any other form of forced labour. Employment of children below 14 years of age
in any factory or mine or other risky occupations is also prohibited by law.
Cultural and Education:
This right guarantees to the minorities the right of
conserving their language, script and culture to receive education and
administer educational institutions of their choice.
Right to Constitutional Remedies:
It guarantees the right to move the Supreme Court for the
enforcement of fundamental Rights. The right can , however, be suspended during
the operation of a proclamation of emergency by the President.
Right to Education:
The right has been granted by the 86 th Constitutional
Amendment carried out in 2002. The Amendment stipulates that the “government shall provide free and compulsory
education to all children from the age of 6 to 14 in such a manner as the State
may by law determine.”
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